This Rapid Assessment Report describes the vital contributions which ecosystems can and must make to improve large cuts in emissions of greenhouse gases. It presents carbon capture and storage through a Green Economy lens, outlining the potential in terms of natural systems are being depleted at an alarming rate. This authoritative report underlines a far greater potential across a wider suite of natural systems: a potential to not only combat climate change and climate-proof vulnerable economies but to also accelerate sustainable development and the achievement of the poverty related Millennium Development Goals.